Friday, December 27, 2019

The Invention Of The Camera - 1278 Words

Photography has changed a lot since the invention of the camera. New techniques are developed as technology advances. There is also trends and styles that influence photography and its different aspects. Portraiture is perhaps one of the most seen types of photography that has been there since the beginning of the camera. Of course, portraits were first oil paintings that were used to portray a person, but photography has taken over and improved, in a way, these representations. Portraits tell us a lot about the subject in the picture and photography has made this easier and clearer with time. At first glance a portrait can be seen as just a picture of a person, but when taking the time to analyze the image we can discover many clues of the person’s identity. Portraits in history have been mainly used to represent people of power or those who had the money to have themselves painted by an artist. But we can now see this has changed. We can see that there is a certain element of narcissism when someone takes a picture of us as we often say â€Å"I don’t like it, delete it and let’s take another one†. Perhaps this has changed portraits and led into the creation of what we call ‘selfies’. Today almost everyone has the access to cameras which makes it simpler to take a self-portrait. It is true that many people use this technique, but the main group that uses this term and kind of photography are teenagers. To see how the purpose of portraits has changed we have to look at theShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The First Rotating Camera1216 Words   |  5 PagesSome of the first films were produced in the 1890s. They were under one minute and did not have sound until after 1927. What started out as a novelty is now a huge industry. Panning shots came about with the invention of the first rotating camera in 1897. Most films during these early years were called chase films. Starting in 1899, animation in movies was born. The first feature length film was a 1906 Australian production. It wasn’t until about 1910, that actors would receive screen credit forRead MoreInvention Of The Camera And How It Revolutionized History1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe Invention of the Camera and How it Revolutionized History Sense the invention of the camera in 1826 photography has been used to document everything from family portraits, social injustice, sporting events, world news, expressions of joy and sorrow, and hundreds of monumental moments. The camera has given man the power to reveal the truth visually. Throughout history photographs have made enormous impacts on social consciousness and ultimately shaped public opinion on many pressing issues inRead MoreHow The Invention of the Camera Changed the World Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesCameras; we take them on trips, to sports events, to concerts, to birthday parties, and we even take them to outings with our friends. The invention of the camera didn’t just develop in a few years but through decades of research and evolution of optics and photographic processes. Al-Haytham, or Alhazen in Latin, was born in A.D. 965 in Basra, which is located in present-day Iraq. Later, he moved to Egypt and began to develop scientific writings on the camera obscura, how the human sightRead MoreThe Camera Has Made A Great Impact On People, And History Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesMany people believe that the camera has not changed the world, but have they thought of life without the camera? Without the camera people would be in a vivdless world. The camera has made a huge impact on people s lives and it has evolved over time. The camera is one important tool used everyday by many people. The camera has made a great impact on people, and history. The camera has not always been here. Before it was created there were no; picture ID s, portraits of people, pictures as souvenirsRead More Progression of Photography Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesIn the infancy of photography these recorded images were called sun pictures or heliograph. This was because sunlight was used to create the image. Mankind has been recording images at since the cave paintings of some 20,000 years ago. With the invention of photography, a realistic image that would have taken a skilled artist hours or even days to draw could be recorded in exact detail within a fraction of a second (Belles 92). Today, photography has become a great means of communication and a formRead MoreEssay about Camera Phones and Invasion of Privacy1079 Words   |  5 PagesCamera Phones and Invasion of Privacy    â€Å"New technology has†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.placed all of us in an electronic fishbowl in which our habits, tastes and activities are watched and recorded.† as told by Simson Garfinkel (Ojeda). In the 21st century it is easy to awe people with new technology. Take two popular gadgets, merge them into a single point-and-click device, and then watch the world go nuts over it. This is a fact that will never change. Technology in this world is growing every day and there are productsRead MoreRise of Photography in the World of Art Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pageshistory from the first camera obscura in the 18th century to the latest Nikon or Canon camera in the 21st century. Photography is traced back to France in the 1800’s where the camera obscura was invented and in the late 1820’s to the 1830’s where a French inventor by the name of Joseph Nicà ©phore Nià ©pce, invented the first camera and printed the first photograph on paper he is also credited with taking the first photograph1, but he wasn’t the only one working on this new invention, there were manyRead MoreThe Invention of Photography1308 Words   |  5 PagesInvention of Photography The first photographic image was made in 1827 by a French inventor Nicà ©phore Nià ©pce, who worked with Louis-Jacques Mande Daguerre, a French painter, late on in his career (Photography). He called his first image â€Å"View from the Window at Gras†. Nià ©pce’s first photographic image was a view outside of an upstairs window, which he used a camera obscura to make (Easby). The camera obscura led to the invention of photography and also to the invention of the camera. It consistsRead MoreEssay about History of Photography1254 Words   |  6 Pageshas been used to capture moments in time all around the world. This wonderful technology has existed since ancient times, and has only improved in recent history, changing society in the process. While we think of photography as a fairly modern invention, that is simply not true. In fact, there are documents on the underlying principle behind photography dating back to as early as the Fifth Century, B.C. The first recorded instance of a photographic image was found in 5th Century China. During thatRead More Technology Film Essay867 Words   |  4 Pageszoopraxiscope. However, modern motion picture making began with the invention of the motion picture camera. Frenchman Louis Lumiere is usually credited with the creation of the first motion picture camera in 1895, but several others were invented around the same time. What Lumiere invented was a portable motion picture camera, film processing unit and a projector called the Cinematography, all three functions in one invention. This made motion pictures very popular and it is also known as beginning

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Debate Over Legalizing Marijuana - 745 Words

Legalizing marijuana is a concept that can potentially benefit the public as well as the local economies. There has been a nationwide debate on whether marijuana should be legalized or not. The major consensus is that marijuana is not only bad for one’s health, but it is also dangerous to the community. These allegations are not true. Marijuana actually has health benefits that most people overlook. The following essay will address these health benefits in an attempt to present this concept in a way that the audience can better understand how legalizing marijuana can beneficial to an individual health, how it can give an increase to the economy. Legalizing marijuana will lead to many societal benefits that will reduce illegal activity while helping the government control the use of the substance and making a profit that can be used to help taxpayers. Marijuana is not a dangerous drug and should be legalized because it does not cause harm to anyone and by legalizing marijuana the government will take control of marijuana distribution and it can benefit a lot of people in many ways. If the government controls the market for marijuana people would no longer be in danger of trying to acquire it illegally and there would be tax for selling marijuana which will benefit both the government and society. By legalizing marijuana the government can make laws about its use. Legalizing it would change people’s lives because it would no longer be a crime. This would clean up America’sShow MoreRelatedThe Debate over Legalizing Marijuana967 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana is a drug which is used for recreational purposes as well as medicinal purposes. However, the medicinal use of marijuana has only been suggested in the recent years because previously it was just a drug which used to be exploited by the teenagers, adults and others for their own personal purposes. Many people get arrested for illegal possession of marijuana because it is still illegal to have marijuana despite the ongoing debate of making it legal. There are many people who are againstRead MoreThe Debate Over Marijuana And Legalizing It857 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloped as a writer is being able to write about controversial topics. In English 101 I never wrote about a controversial topic. Because of that I didn’t know how to write a controversial piece. Every essay I have done in English 102 was about marijuana and legalizing it. This is a very controversial topic and through English 102 I was able to learn how to effectively write about it. I effectively wrote with my use of ethos. If I am credible during my writing then more people will follow my belief. AnotherRead MoreAn Analysis of President Obama’s Remarks about Marijuana Essay624 Words   |  3 PagesBarack Obama made some controversial remarks about legalizing marijuana. President Obama stated that he did not think that marijuana was â€Å"more dangerous than alcohol† (Remnick). This comment has caused proponents of legalizing marijuana to praise the President, while opponents are criticizing him for seemingly supporting this banned substance. Author Frank James of NPR.org wrote an article entitled â€Å"Obamas Marijuana Remarks Light Up Legalization Debate.† James explains how those who support legalizationRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legal?1604 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs are a substance that can either enhance someone s abilities or completely diminish them. Certain drugs, or commonly referred to as pharmaceutical drugs, are legal because over time people have realized that there is a cure for their temporary pain; although, arguably some have negative side effects worse than the original diagnosis. But there still is a dispute on certain illegal drugs because while some people prefer the outcome of having it legal, others strongly do not. Should their opinionRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Should Not Be Beneficial1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana is such a growing debate in the United Sta tes, whether it’s on television, in the classroom, or in your own kitchen; you may find yourself debating about it with someone. You are either for it, against it, or indifferent. Either way you still have an opinion of some sort about the legalization of marijuana. Christopher Beach and William Bennett are no different. The release of their article on called â€Å"Legalize Juggernaut† on WeeklyStandard.com timing is perfect sinceRead MoreThe War on Drugs1580 Words   |  7 Pageswarrants in attempt to get the problem under control. It has been over forty years since President Nixon declared a war on drugs. Did America win the war on drugs? Is it time to legalize illicit drugs in this country? What are other countries doing in reference to drugs? The author will examine the history of the war on drugs in this country, how other countries deal with drugs, list the positive and negative aspect of legalizing illicit drugs, and offer his opinion as to whether drugs s hould beRead MoreMarijuana Legalization1424 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Marijuana is the most common drug in America and all over the world. It is legalized in some countries, but most countries prohibit its use. It has proven medical abilities and was used for this purpose for a while before being federally criminalized. The United States has been debating on the legalization of marijuana with some states supporting the move and others against it. (10 Facts About Marijuana) Despite all these debates, the legalization of marijuana is the betterRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?924 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana is contervisol topic all around the world, some countries like Amsterdam and states in the United States have legalized marijuana, and this has put preasure onto other countries to legalize. Marijuana is also referred as weed, herb, and pot and is derived from a plant called cannabis sativa, also known as hemp plant. The cannabis plant produces THC, which stands for tetrahydrocannabinol, and there are over 85+ individual cannabinoids, which are found in marijuana, but THC is responsibleRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use926 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing Marijuana in Texas for Recreational Use The well known debate over the legalization of marijuana for recreational use in The United States has been ongoing since 1935. Recently Colorado and Washington have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational use. By doing so, the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana has become more of an issue than it already was and now brings other states to question whether or not they should legalize marijuana (Breecher). Which brings aboutRead MoreThe Economic Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana1068 Words   |  5 PagesBenefits of Legalizing Marijuana In 2007, the American economy took a downturn known as the recession. People began looking for a quick fix to our nation’s economic problems and one fix may be right in front of us, with the legalization of marijuana. The debate about legalizing marijuana has been going on for the last decade with no end in sight. Politicians, economists, and everyday people cannot come to an agreement over this growing issue. Today economists still converse over how marijuana can

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Crevecoeur and Puritan Beliefs free essay sample

A comparison of St. John de Crevecoeurs environmental views with Puritanism. This essay examines the difference between Puritanism and Crevecoeurs views. Specifically, the contrasting views of motivational force and the influencing factors that shaped individual character are presented. While the Puritans actions were driven primarily by religious beliefs and a fear of not living in accordance with Gods commandments, Crevecoeur believed that the environment shaped a mans character. Crevecoeurs views are explored through a comparison of a migrants life in America with the life he would have had in Europe. Religious suppression of the Puritans in England led to the Great Migration of the 1630s and to the creation of New England on the shores of America. These early Puritan settlers hoped to establish a purified society far from the corrupting influence of England, one that would be in accordance with divine will. Puritan preaching applied lessons from the Scriptures to individual lives, offering moral and socio-economic guidance and sought to provide for the common welfare through communitarian organization and to that extent, indirectly laid the foundation for the modern, democratic and capitalist societies of today (Wake Forest University Web site). We will write a custom essay sample on Crevecoeur and Puritan Beliefs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber points out that the Calvinist belief in predestination of salvation or damnation of souls led to a level of anxiety, on the part of individuals, to avoid actions that would be seen as that of the damned by society. This led to conscious planning of ones day-to-day behavior in accordance with Gods will. Thus, labor became a duty to God (Serendipity Web site). This fervent belief in predestination and duty to God benefited the Puritan settlers by virtue of being able to work hard towards establishing a prosperous economy and communities in a new, unknown land.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Mental Jewelry free essay sample

Live, a new band that has recently surfaced on the music scene has released its first album, Mental Jewelry. They comment on war, peace, pollution and a mutual love throughout humankind. Live is not just another band with too much bass or lyrics that makes no sense. They combine a beat that feels good to listen to with lyrics that comment on the current problems of today, but also the universal problems of mankind. Lives style closely compares with R.E.M. but without the absurdity of some of R.E.M.s work like Stand and Shiny Happy People. Live has great talent for producing great songs. They write all their songs, rare in todays music world. Live shows their instrumental talent also in some of their solos. The first song, Pain Lies on the Riverside, begins with a percussion solo. The message is that if you are on the riverside, you are merely a spectator of life waiting for something to happen to you. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Jewelry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But if you are in the river, you are making things happen and are in the mainstream. Another song, Operation Spirit, questions Christianity. It asks, Does Jesus, a man who lived two thousand years ago, mean anything to us today? What role (besides someone to pray to) does Jesus take in our everyday lives? None is their conclusion. The song with the most important message is Take My Anthem. It states that all people here and everywhere are the same in heart and soul and there are no differences between them except the differences they create between themselves. So we all should love one another as if we were brothers. I feel this album is a must buy. It not only contains provocative lyrics but has music between the heavy and the light. Its universal ideas of brotherhood between all men has been forgotten today and our differences separate us rather than our similarities bringing us together. This is why Live is the band for the Nineties. n

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

The Tempest. An Imperialist Heaven or Hell Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Tempest. An Imperialist Heaven or Hell? Argumentative Essay Shakespeare lived and wrote in the Elizabethan age, a time when his society was branching out and making itself known throughout the world by colonizing other cultures. Great Britain was reaching for new heights of power. In the play Shakespeare questions the value of this new concept of British imperialism. The Tempest is called Shakespeares American play, because he calls into question Englands right to colonize other nations, much as American colonists did with America 200 years later. The Tempest was Shakespeares last play. For his entire life he had written plays to please the Queen. For this play it appears he made a controversial statement by challenging the values of his Queen and his country. Evidence of this is abundant in the play. The story rotates around the fact that Prospero, a European noble, had imposed himself on an island, already inhabited. Prospero is depicted as a worthy man, who was usurped from his throne. The reader has automatic sympathy for the character. T his allows him more leeway for wrong doing by creating room for it within the readers mind. Prospero came to the island with his daughter to find it already inhabited by two savages. Upon arrival, Prospero brought his new ideas with him, and began to force them upon these two savages, Sycorax and Caliban. He believed that his new ideas were better, such as slavery opposed to freedom, which he imposed on Caliban. We will write a custom essay on The Tempest. An Imperialist Heaven or Hell? Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Dull thing, I say so; he, that Caliban,Whom now I keep in my service. (Act. I, Sc. II, Ln. 285,6)This view of whose ideas were better is an obvious matter of opinion, one of the biggest drawbacks to transforming old ideas into new. Prospero was the first male that Caliban had seen in his life. As a lower being Caliban worshipped and praised Prospero, as the quote below shows, until Prospero began to mistreat him. I know it by thy trembling: now Prosper works upon thee(Act II, Sc. II, Ln. 81-3)This worship caused Prospero to act as a ruler above him, eventually pushing him to be the tyrant over Caliban, including robbing Caliban of his freedom. Keeping within his worship, Caliban lost his self-confidence and any drive for good deeds. Because Prospero had imposed himself upon Caliban, Calibans life began to decline. Without drive, or freedom for that matter, Caliban turned to a vegetable only working as a slave to Prospero. Again, the act of asserting that your ideas are superior can cause indelible harm to the recipient of that opinion. Throughout these ordeals, Prospero thought that he was helping Caliban, (again opinion) while actually destroying him. But these supposed helpful teachings to Caliban eventually turned on Prospero. Near the end of the play, Caliban finds Stephano and Trinculo on the island. These men appeared to be much like Prospero in dress, and in speech. Because he had been trained by Prospero to worship and follow, he immediately began to worship Stephano and Trinculo. This is what turned against him. By that time, Caliban had developed a deep hatred for Prospero and sought revenge against him. He discussed killing Prospero in his sleep with Stephano and Trinculo, which they agreed to because they would gain control of the island. Prospero escaped death by a hair, in that he had a sprite, Ariel, to spy on the plotting Englishmen. This was an example of his own imperialistic ideas turned against him, leading almost to his death. But these wrongs did not stop at Prospero and Caliban. New ideas were imposed also by Ariel, Prosperos servant sprite. Ariel was a lively spirit that was immortal, and therefor capable of much more than any human. Ariel proposed new ideas to the king, Alonso and all of his men, Gonzalo, Antonio, Sebastian, Adrian and Francisco. These men had perceived themselves as almighty as they paraded around the island in fear of nothing. Ariel enlightened them to their fault and may have even shown them their mistakes. You are three men of sin, whom Destiny,That hath to instrument this lower world. .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .postImageUrl , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:hover , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:visited , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:active { border:0!important; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:active , .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073 .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2368895c3aed40902f541007507a073:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Quantitative Methodology For Quantitative Research EssayYour swords are now too massy for your strengths,And will not be uplifted. that you three From Milan did supplant good Prospero: him and his innocent child (Act

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Market Segmentation

INTRODUCTION Je Voudrais will be the pioneers in the market for creating distinctive and indulgent taste experiences by marketing to an untapped segment - the adult soft drink consumers. The Je Voudrais brand will quickly developed a loyal following. Its early success was created by word of mouth and praise. Without the benefit of advertising the story of an incredibly rich and healthy drink spread rapidly. At first, it was only available at gourmet shops but soon distribution expanded. Since then, it has become a global phenomenon. Soft Drink lovers the world over now recognize the unique Je Voudrais logo as synonymous with the ultimate super-premium soft drink. However, for the company to reach where it is today, a sincere marketing effort was undertaken from its early days to understand customers and their needs. Since the beginning, Je Voudrais has kept a keen focus on developing an internal Developing the brand with an attached history of perfection and luxury Using the finest ingredients to deliver product excellence Invested in consumer research to understand tastes and preferences of customers Used selective distribution and did not mass market until the minimum critical mass of opinion leaders were established Did not change their objectives in between Used creativity and innovativeness to support brand identity FOCUS ON CUSTOMER NEEDS Je Voudrais continuously researches its market because this is exactly what got them into the business in the first place. Effective marketing is based on three key elements, the marketing philosophy, market segmentation and consumer behaviour. Je Voudrais has been noted to practise the consumer-driven philosophy whereby they rely on research to discover consumer preferences, desires and needs before produc... Free Essays on Market Segmentation Free Essays on Market Segmentation INTRODUCTION Je Voudrais will be the pioneers in the market for creating distinctive and indulgent taste experiences by marketing to an untapped segment - the adult soft drink consumers. The Je Voudrais brand will quickly developed a loyal following. Its early success was created by word of mouth and praise. Without the benefit of advertising the story of an incredibly rich and healthy drink spread rapidly. At first, it was only available at gourmet shops but soon distribution expanded. Since then, it has become a global phenomenon. Soft Drink lovers the world over now recognize the unique Je Voudrais logo as synonymous with the ultimate super-premium soft drink. However, for the company to reach where it is today, a sincere marketing effort was undertaken from its early days to understand customers and their needs. Since the beginning, Je Voudrais has kept a keen focus on developing an internal Developing the brand with an attached history of perfection and luxury Using the finest ingredients to deliver product excellence Invested in consumer research to understand tastes and preferences of customers Used selective distribution and did not mass market until the minimum critical mass of opinion leaders were established Did not change their objectives in between Used creativity and innovativeness to support brand identity FOCUS ON CUSTOMER NEEDS Je Voudrais continuously researches its market because this is exactly what got them into the business in the first place. Effective marketing is based on three key elements, the marketing philosophy, market segmentation and consumer behaviour. Je Voudrais has been noted to practise the consumer-driven philosophy whereby they rely on research to discover consumer preferences, desires and needs before produc...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

TUI AG's Restructuring and Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TUI AG's Restructuring and Expansion - Essay Example Product-market diversification refers to the strategy where the company simultaneously seeks to expand both into new products and new markets. New product expansion is manifested through activities such as the opening of the â€Å"World of TUI Travel Mall† in Berlin whereas new market expansion is characterized by the acquisitions and joint ventures done throughout the organizations growth. Vertical integration strategy involves TUI AG seeking to gain control of both inputs and outputs within the tourism industry’s supply chain. TUI does this through owning and operating companies in both the tourism destinations and source markets as well as the distribution channels, hotels and airlines (Sigala, 2008). Horizontal integration refers to when the company combines with competitors operating in the same industry and doing the same things for example in 1998 HTU took a minority stake in First Reiseburo Management GmbH & Co. KG., a competitor in Germany (Sigala, 2008). T UI’s operations enable its business strategies to be successful through a number of ways. Firstly, through operations the company is able to set and control quality levels uniformly across its integrated tourism supply chain. ... 2-What benefits does TUI AG achieve through its integrated tourism supply chain? Are there any disadvantages to this? The three major benefits to TUI AG of having an integrated tourism supply chain are: increased guarantee of product quality, better protection of proprietary technologies and processes, and lower transaction costs. By controlling both its inputs and outputs, TUI AG has a greater ability than a non-integrated tourism company to implement standard quality control systems as well as share best practices across all its products. Further, the organization can integrate operations across its supply chain to create a seamless experience for its customers. With regards to better protection of proprietary technologies and/or processes, TUI could have developed a more effective way of, say, minimizing the time it takes a customer to move from holiday planning to actually going for the holiday. If the company were to use an external service provider it may have to share some of its knowledge to make the experience seamless. On the other hand, by having all service providers within its supply chain, the company can keep the process secret or as a competitive advantage for a much longer period. Lower transaction costs are achieved in two ways. To begin with, TUI could standardize infrastructure and procedures across all its subsidiary companies which would make transactions cheaper and less time consuming across the supply chain. Secondly, by having an integrated supply chain TUI is guaranteed of retaining maximum value from the customers thus the margins set across the value chain are lower. This implies that the subsidiary companies across the value chain face lower costs than those faced by